LANDSCAPES TEST

LAKES AND RESERVOIRS

Lakes and reservoirs are bodies of still water.
Still water does not flow.

• Lakes are large areas of fresh water surrounded by land. Ponds are small lakes. Lakes and ponds form naturally.
• Reservoirs are man-made lakes for storing river water. A dam is a strong wall that stops the flow of the water.

Lake Louise. Photo from Discover Lake Louise.

Pond. Photo from: Landfall Farm.

Reservoir. Photo by Sean the Spook.

RIVER BANKS

River bank vegetation consists of the plants that grow at the sides of rivers, for example, poplar trees, blackberry bushes and reeds.

A wide variety of plants grow on river banks because the soil is very fertile.

River banks are often used for farming.

River banks. Photo by Sonam Norbu.

Poplar Trees. Photo fron Weeds in lawn.

Blackberry bushes. Photo from Thompson and Morgan.

Reeds. Photo by TriviaKing.

THE COURSE OF A RIVER

A river makes a long journey frim the mountains to the sea.
The source is where a river begins.
The mouth is where the river ends at the sea.
The course is the journey from the source to the mouth.
The course of a river has three parts:

• The upper course is near the source. The river is narrow and flows through the mountains. It has little water and flows very fast.
• The middle course flows through plains. The flood plain is the flat area on each side of the river. It has more water and flows more slowly.
• The lower course is near the mouth of the river. The river is wide and the water flows slowly.

I recommend you to watch this video in youtube: The River Severn From Source to Mouth.

RIVERS

A river is a large, flowing body of water.
Rivers begin in high areas such as mountains.
Rivers always flow downhill.
They flow into other rivers or into the sea.
A tributary is a river that flows into a larger river.
A river bed is the ground over which a river flows.
Some rivers have more water than others.
The volume of water ina river is called the flow.

A tributary. Photo from Rivers Homework Help.

Dry river bed.

PEOPLE AND COASTAL LANDSCAPES

Many people live in coastal areas.

Man-made constructions change the shape of the landscape.

Here are some examples:

• Hotels and flats.
• Roads and bridges.
• Ports, where ships are protected.

Hotels in a Coastal Landscape. Photo from digitalcostablanca.

Port Grimaud. Photo from: Starus.

Astoria Bridge. Photo from Pacific Northwest Photoblog.

COASTAL FEATURES

• A gulf is a large area of sea that bites into the land.
• A bay is a small gulf.
• A cape is a large piece of land that sticks out into the sea.
• A peninsula is a narrow piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. It is connected to the mainland by a strip of land called an isthmus.
• An island is an area of land completely surrounded by water.
• An archipelago is a group of islands.

Gulf of Mexico. Photo from: divinglore.com

Hanauma Bay. Photo from: ErgoSum88

Cape Point: Photo from here.

Peninsula Croatia and Isthmus. Photo from Kork

Mago Island, Fiji. Photo from: Private Islands

Raja Ampat Archipelago. Photo from The Miracle of Indonesia

CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL LANDSCAPES

Coastal landscapes are areas of land near the sea.
The land can be high or low:

• Coastal plains are areas of low land on the coast. The land is flat. There are beaches with sands or rocks.
• Cliffs are areas of high land near the sea. The land is high and rocky. Waves crash against the cliffs.

Coastal Plains. Photo from: Francesca's Blog

Scotland Skye Cliffs. Photo from: Wojsyl

FEATURES OF LANDSCAPES

Landscapes have natural features:

• Mountains.
• Plains.
• Rivers.

Landscapes can also have man-made features:

• Constructions: houses, motorways, tunnels and bridges.
• Farms: crops and animals replace the natural vegetation.

FLAT LAND

• Plains are very large areas of flat land.
• Moors are high areas of flat land with little vegetation.
• Flood plains are flat areas of fertile land next to a river. They are lower than the surrounding land.

MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES

Mountains are high with steep sides.
Valleys are areas of flat land between mountains.
Mountains have three parts:

• The foot is the lowest part of the mountain.
• The summit is the highest part of the mountain.
• The slopes are the steep sides between the summit and the foot.

INLAND LANDSCAPES

LANDSCAPES AND RIVERS

LANDSCAPES
Mountain landscapes are high.
The roads are narrow and winding.
Plains are flat lands with no hills.
Coastal landscapes are next to the sea.
They have flat beaches and high cliffs.

RIVERS
Rivers begin in the mountains.
They flow across the plains and into the sea.
River water is stored in reservoirs and lakes.