Tuesday, May 28, 2013

MEASURING TIME


We use different units of measurement:

  • Shorts periods of time: a day, a week, a month and a year.
  • Long periods of time: a decade (ten years), a century (a hundred years) or a millennium (a thousand years).




THE HISTORY OF YOUR CITY, TOWN OR VILLAGE


The history of your city is the story of the people who lived there before you.
Historians look for historical records to find out what people and places were like in the past.
Historical records can be:

  • Written: books.
  • Pictorial: paintings.
  • Physical: objects, buildings.


Book

Pot

Coin

Painting
Castle.

YOUR PERSONAL HISTORY


The most important moments of your life make up your personal history.
To find out about your personal history:

  • Look at old photographs or videos.
  • Find toys or books you had when you were young.
  • Listen to stories your family tells you.


I was born...
My first step was...

My first word was...

My favourite toy was...

My birthdate is...

PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE


The past is what happened before now.
The present is what is happening now.
The future is what will happen later.

Photo from Metacentricities

FAMILY HISTORY & NOW AND THEN


FAMILY HISTORY:
Everyone has a family history.
Your history is a part of your life.
You can find out about your family history from old photographs and old objects.

NOW AND THEN:
Landscapes, objects and activities change with time.
Many years ago, the things around us were different.

Tuesday, May 21, 2013

UNIT 14 TEST: LOCAL GOVERNMENT


CULTURAL AND RECREATIONAL SERVICES


Cultural services are responsible for municipal libraries and museums and town festivals.
Recreational services are responsible for taking care of municipal sports centres and swimming pools.


Library.
Museum.
Madrid Festivals.
Sports centre.
Swimming pool.

TOWN PLANNING AND HIGHWAY SERVICES


Town planning services regulate the construction industry, so that buildings are safe and carefully designed.
Highway services are responsible for maintaining and repairing road signs and traffic signals so we can drive safely.

Buildings inspection.

Monday, May 20, 2013

SANITATION SERVICES


Sanitation services keep cities clean:
They include:
  • Water: This service makes sure we have clean, fresh water and clean sewers.
  • Cleaning: Rubbish collectors and street cleaners.
  • Street lighting.
  • Parks conservation: Gardeners.
Fresh water.
Sewers.
NY sewer. Picture from Edward F Palm.
London street lightning.
London city gardeners.

POLICE AND FIRE SERVICES


The local police are responsible for:
  • Protecting people.
  • Keeping the streets safe.
  • Arresting criminals.
The fire service helps save lives and property by:
  • Preventing and putting out fires.
  • Helping people when there are disasters, such as floods or fires.

London police.
Madrid local police.
London firefighters.
Madrid firefighters.

FOOD HYGIENE INSPECTION SERVICES


Food hygiene inspection services check that the food we buy is safe to eat.
Inspectors visit the local food shops.
Food safety regulations affect everyone who works in the food business.
Food hygiene inspectors make sure that:

  • Shops, restaurants and markets are clean.
  • Food handlers have good personal hygiene.

Food hygiene rules.
Food hygiene inspection.
Food hygiene inspection.


Friday, May 17, 2013

LOCAL ELECTIONS


Every four years citizens elect local councillors.
The candidates present an election manifesto to explain what they will do if they are elected.
After the elections, the new local councillors elect one of their members to be the mayor.
You must be 18 years old to vote in local elections.

Candidates.
Election manifesto.
Vote!

LOCAL COUNCILS


The mayor and the local councillors make up the local council.

  • The mayor is the head of the local council.
  • The local council organises municipal services.

The mayor and the councillors make decisions and communicate them to the people.


Boris Johnson, London Mayor

London Assembly (local council)
Ana Botella, Madrid Mayor

Madrid Assembly (local council)



WHAT DO LOCAL COUNCILS DO?


In each city or town, the local council meets in the town hall.
It organises the municipal services:

  • Schools.
  • Hospitals.
  • Street lighting.
  • The police.
  • Firefighting.
  • Rubbish collection.


Town Hall, Madrid.
Street lighting.
Police.
Firefighters.
Rubbish collection.

Thursday, May 16, 2013

NEIGHBOURHOOD & THE LOCAL COUNCIL


NEIGHBOURHOOD
Your neighbourhood is the part of the town or city where you live.
People in the town hall work to take care of it.

THE LOCAL COUNCIL
Every town and city has a town hall building where the local council works.
The mayor and councillors make up the local council.
They are responsible for organising municipal services.

Sunday, May 12, 2013

COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES


Telephones, radios and television use communication satellites to send and receive sound and images.


TYPES OF COMMUNICATION


There are two types of communication: personal and the media.
  • We use personal or individual communication to send information to a few people.
  • The media sends information to many people at the same time.
The media.

MEANS OF COMMUNICATION


We send information from one place to another using means of communication.


TRANSPORT NETWORKS


Means of transport are organised into transport networks.

  • Trains travel on railway tracks. They leave from railway stations.
  • Cars, lorries and buses travel or roads and motorways.
  • Aeroplanes travel along flight paths. They take off and land from airports.
  • Ships travel along sea routes. They leave from seaports.


Motorways in England
England rail map.
Manchester flight routes.
England sea routes.